The Phase Deliverables Checklist is a tool that we use to estimate fees, plan the work and manage the design process. The master deliverables checklist is a list of all the drawing sheets that we routinely have on a largish project (for us). The downloadable checklist, partially visible below, uses a loose adherence to the National CAD Standards. You may use a different sheet naming convention but the idea is the same. 

The first steps during either estimating a fee or planning the design work is to copy the checklist, rename it, and edit the list for the anticipated scope of work. This is mostly striking off unneeded sheets, but also adding sheets that are needed for this project. Next is to check off which sheets will be needed for each phase; see the columns headed with the phase initials. Use the COMMENTS column to make any observations about the sheet content or research that will be needed.

Use to estimate fees 
If your projects are similar and you collect time-spent data on each type of sheet, you would soon be able to estimate a fee using this form as a checklist with historical average cost per sheet embedded for calculations. If your work is more varied, reviewing the list will help you estimate the hours you will need to produce the deliverables. The master list often spurs questions regarding scope of work. Get questions resolved early before you find yourself expected to provide services that you haven't budgeted for.

Use to plan work and set priorities
When getting started on a project you can use the checklist to assign staff. Two ways of doing this are to replace the 'Xs' with the individual's initials to make the assignment. Or add columns to hold the initials. Color coding the assignment cells helps to focus attention on responsibilities and to make workloads obvious. To set priorities you can make the entire row bold to stress what is most important.

Use to manage work
As the project progresses, you can update the assignments and plan subsequent phases. With the addition of another column you can track an estimated percent completion for each sheet. Add a formula to calculate the average completion. This isn't terribly accurate but it is at least a partially objective evaluation of where your progress stands. 

Use the model to create your own version based on your project types and typical scope of work. Add other tasks such as Code Review, Cost Estimates, Scheduling, and Specifications to suit your standards. Add engineering disciplines if you normally manage their work too.

BOTTOM LINE: You have probably used something similar to manage projects. What I am suggesting is that a spreadsheet offers several advantages.

• It can hold historical data, offering easy access and a place to store it.
• It can be tweaked into providing other information through its calculations.
• It can be shared if you want others to help update it; or distributed by PDF.
• It can be printed on your plotter at a large scale to display or meet around.

Orig post date: 12Mar2013

I think there are three ways to go with business development for architects. Focusing on just one let's you get good at it. Trying to use all three will be confusing for you and for your potential clients.

The Way Of The RFP
The overhead required by responding to RFPs makes this a large firm strategy. There is a tendency to commoditization, so you need a large volume of work to be profitable. This is your father's Way, but it will be around as long as there are institutions.

The Way Of Relationships
This strategy can work for any size firm. Social Media and electronic media are tools that support this strategy. You need to stay in touch with all the folks who have work that you want to do. Get to know them. Then find a way to help them so you are the go-to guy/gal. Social connections help.

The Way Of The Niche
The barrier to developing a niche used to be the high price and difficulty of establishing your expertise in the minds of your potential clients. Brochures, mailings, conventions, face to face meetings were the tools. Now the tool is writing a blog to showcase your expertise with a business type. So what once was a large firm strategy because of the cost can now be pursued by anybody.

This article about the 4 Value Propositions for ANY business might give you some ideas on how to differentiate yourself once you have chosen a business development 'Way'. However, not all value propositions apply to each of the three 'Ways'.

Xmas Gifts

Another task, besides Budgeting, that is timely for the end of October is planning your gift-giving to clients.

The decisions are: 

• Who gets a gift?
  
• How much will we spend?
  
• What will the gifts be?
  
• Who gets what?
  
• How will they be delivered?
  

So here is our process.

First, determine how much we billed each client. Those we billed over $5,000 in the first 10 months of the year get a gift. Others get a card.

Second, we budget 0.002 times the amount billed for the gift(s).

Third, we look at the number of gifts and their values and picked one or two items that seem to work. My list of past choices is below.

Fourth, bearing in mind that some authority (IRS, probably) says gifts shouldn't exceed $30, we let that inform the decision of who gets what. Often we give a client organization multiple versions of the gift, which are directed to different people that are involved in the project. Sometimes, we direct a gift to "Office Staff", too.

Fifth, we have drifted toward online gift purchasing that includes wrapping and delivery. Of course that adds cost. So it is a balancing act. 

Feel free to modify this procedure in any way you want. I don't have a clue how anyone else does this.

Gift Examples:

• Alcoholic beverages (you have to know your client!)
  
• Cheese, fudge or combination from the monks at Gethsemini 
  
• Poinsettias
  
• Candy from an upscale chocolatier 
  
• Tin or tray of seasonal cookies 
  
• A Big Bertha golf club (from my wife and I, delivered to the home, see limit issue above) 
  

One last suggestion: keep each year's list where you can find it. Not remembering what you did last year creates some unnecessary anxiety.

If this activity puts you in the mood to think about your own Xmas List, check out these ideas. 

Budgeting

I always felt that late October was a good time to start budgeting for the next year. I have to admit that preparing a budget was interesting because you learned where the money went last year and got a chance to correct the trends. That's the expense side of the budget.

The income side of the budgeting process is like herding cats. Your plan and the actual outcome are unrelated. And worse - dangerous. We all plan to do better every year, which it fine. No problems with that. The danger is acting like it will happen when you budget the expenses. If you miss your income projections, but meet your expense projections, you just may have stepped closer to financial disaster. 

So what do I recommend? Well, since I am out of my depth here, nothing. 

But I can tell you what I do. I assume that income will be down in the coming year. Then I look at how I can squeeze any fat out of the expense side of things. If income isn't down next year, I am profitable. If income is down after all, I am as prepared as I can be.

Two articles that will give you a grasp of the big picture economics that are going on in a design firm are:
Architectural Economics
How Much Are You Worth An Hour?

SITE ANALYSIS 
We know that context affects design, but analysis of the context is also a big step toward meeting your project goals. A Site Analysis is a study focused on context, your surroundings, in two different ways. On the one hand a Site Analysis looks for obstacles to achieving your goals, but on the other hand it also looks for conditions that will help implement your goals.

The interesting thing is that what you know about the project's goals affects your interpretation of the study. So goals are a prerequisite for making sense of your Site Analysis and charting a successful project course.

There are millions of potential solutions for every project. Unfortunately, most of these solutions do not realize your goals. In one way or another they do not address your needs for space, character, compliance, timing or economy. Of those few solutions that address all your goals in a balanced and integrated way, there is just a handful that provides a really maximized opportunity for you. A Site Analysis will steer you toward building forms that will have inexpensive site development costs, site layouts that take advantage of existing and natural features, development concepts that are readily approvable and quickly built, and, finally, a solution that provides the most value for the funds invested.

A Site Analysis is a tool for maximizing the opportunity that your project represents by telling you up front which paths of site development will lead to achieving your goals. 

OBJECTIVES
When you are starting your project, it may seem obvious where and how the building should be situated. However, after taking some time to research local regulations, and document the natural properties of your site and adjacent properties, you might be surprised by your findings. Your objectives in doing a site analysis are:

1. Decide which piece of property to purchase (if applicable).
   
2. Decide where to build, and where not to build on the property.
   
3. Determine building footprint, orientation, desirable views, parking location, and other site amenities.
   
4. Determine access to the site.
   
5. Determine the character you want.
   
6. Determine how large of a building the site will support (expansion possibilities).
   

COMPONENTS OF A SITE ANALYSIS
Analysis of a site will bring key issues to the forefront while others fall out of play. Three steps can be taken; research, analysis, planning.
Research things about the natural site like solar orientation, prevailing winds, soil types and topography as well as man-influenced issues like location of utilities, community surroundings, water quality or aviation flight patterns.
Analyze the site and it's restrictions such as traffic patterns, building and zoning regulations. Keep your needs in mind as the benchmark.
Plan - fit your needs into the site using what you have learned from research and analysis as background. Your 'plan' is actually just a bubble diagram with which you locate the desired features in relationship to the site.

SITE ANALYSIS IMPACT ON DESIGN
Location, neighborhood, environment are other ways to describe a building's context. In a subtle way context exerts a strong impact on how a building comes into existence. "Where's the entrance?" This is one of those subtle forces. The answer usually seems obvious, and that is evidence of how the surroundings are shaping the building.

Vehicular approaches are another impact. If there is a drop-off area, then vehicles must approach that area from right to left so that the passenger door faces the entrance. Once again context is designing the building. 

The slope of the land also exerts a driving force on the design. Parking requires a fairly flat area that is usually several times the size of the building. Where can this flat area be located so that it makes functional sense? The building can be placed on a slope if two or more stories are desirable or acceptable. What's better for the project - increased earthwork costs or an ideal layout? Whichever you choose, context is affecting the design.

Not everyone is 'wired' to look for ways to improve a process. Some people like tackling a task differently every time it comes around. But even the act of designing is a candidate in spite of every design problem being unique. Recognizing your unique method of designing can make it a smoother process. Here's an example of what I mean.

I like to start a design problem with context, understanding the present situation, taking note of the surroundings. Context tells me what "kind" of solution the problem "wants". From there I often look at constraints next, zoning, codes, approvals needed. I want to know where the danger zones are, where I might waste time looking for solutions that will never be "clean". You can see that my overall approach is about elimination. I am much more comfortable knowing up front where the boundaries are. Infinite possibilities is not reality. There are always boatloads of solutions that won't work well. I like to get rid of them up front.

Next is a quick peek at schedule and budget followed by a rough estimate of size and needs. Then I like to mull the whole thing over while I dig into the size and needs issue in more detail. 

I had few projects early in my career where there were serious misfits that took way to long to understand. One was a suburban library that wanted to be one-story because it just wasn't big enough to justify two stories. The site was a truncated wedge shape. The building wanted to be in the narrow end of the wedge and the parking in the wider end. About twenty schemes later I realized I had two problems where I thought there was just one. I had been working on the 10 lbs. in a 5 lb. bag problem without realizing it. Not only did the shape of the site make things difficult, the SIZE of the site was just large enough to accommodate building, parking and setbacks. Things started to fall together once I realized the real limitations.

There is no point in trying to hurry the process while I am working on space an needs (or watching someone else work on it). The whole thing needs to simmer for a while. Something critical to the process happens here. If you rush it, you don't really make any progress. The bigger the challenge, the longer it takes. This probably looks like procrastination, or a learned disfunction from college days. I prefer to think of it as time needed to marinate.

My method of design works much better when I can follow these steps at my own pace. 

Take a look at this article to see some other benefits of Unique Methods and a tool that I use. Two other articles on documenting methods are here and here.

What does marketing mean for an architect?
The classic answer is : "Marketing is what you do to make the phone ring." 
The short answer is "name recognition".
The long answer is "recognition as an expert in a type of building or service".

How does Social Media fit in?
First let's be clear that we are talking about Marketing, not Sales.
Social Media is not a Sales tool. Unfortunately, you are more likely to reach 'influencers' with Social Media - not the decision-maker (who is not likely to make a decision based on a tweet). So we are definitely talking about the short and long answers describing marketing, and mostly the long answer - building recognition as an expert.

With Social Media your content can be pushed out to a wider audience than you might reach with email or waiting for an organic searches to find your website or blog. But your credibility is tied to publishing. 
The timeline or stream of Social Media means that posts must be made regularly, measured in hours rather than days to be effective. 

The interesting thing about Social Media is that your ’reach’ goes beyond your immediate audience (Followers, Likes, Connections, Circles). By reach I mean all the people who ultimately are exposed to your information. If you send an email to 100 people, they all get the email. That is the strength of email. A few may forward it to others. So your audience was 100, but your reach was maybe 105. Interestingly the people who received the forwarded email are more likely to pay attention to it because the act of forwarding it acts like a recommendation. The reach with Social Media can be many times greater than email and enjoys the same ’recommendation’ aspect.

Here’s how reach works with the four main Social Media services. In each case we assume your audience and everyone else's is 100. And remember that it is much easier to share the information with Social Media than it is to forward an email.

One of the first articles that I wrote was about Google's TASKS feature in Gmail. I was probably segueing away from using it at the time. Now I am back.

TASKS is part of the Gmail system whether you use a simple gmail account or a Google Apps account. Like Outlook and Apple Mail, TASKS gives you a place to list TO-DOs. You can start as many Task lists as you want so you can keep things in categories, or, perhaps, organized by project. This is how I think of things and how I use TASKS. I have projects for actual projects, but also Strategic Projects that I am working on for Architekwiki. A project might also be a set of reminders about invoicing or other 'overhead' activity. 

What makes TASKS unique from anything I have ever used is its ability to connect an email conversation to a task. You simply select 'Add to Tasks' from the 'More' drop-down menu while you are reading the email or have it selected. The task name defaults to the Subject of the email, which I usually add to or replace with something more descriptive of what needs to be done. When you review your task list, you can click on 'related email' to recall the email. So the task listing is both a reminder that follow up is needed as well as the background reference itself. Clicking on "related email" brings up the original email along with all others in the thread/conversation no matter how old or where they are archived.

The unique "related email" feature doesn't come at the expense of all the standard features you need in a TO-DO system. TASKS has due dates, notes, sub-tasks (by indenting), sorting, printing, emailing the list, clearing and viewing completed tasks, etc.

Another advantage is that you can rely on TASKS to track critical emails without the effort of managing special "stars" or colored "flags" in your inbox. I have used the tactic of moving critical tasks to the top of the list (simply drag) and in some cases created a 'Critical' task list into which I move those tasks (also easy, two clicks). 

The mobile apps for TASKS gives you access to your tasks no matter where you are, even though this is basically a browser-based tool. If you find that a lot of your TO-DOs and follow-up comes from email exchanges, this is a perfect way to simplify your system for tracking what needs to be done.

I recently spent a day attending a mishmash of seminars in order to fill up on Continuing Education Units. So here's what I learned.

Continuing Education is just like regular education - effort-in equals benefits-out. If we are counting on continuing education to provide the public with better architects, let's hope architects are already good enough. If the states truly think that continuing education is a necessity, then they should get off their duffs and provide it. The system in place is just a busy-work joke. 

Ok, rant over. The presentations were on Automatic Entrances, Limestone, Air Barriers, FRT Wood, and Bioclimatic Facades.

Automatic Entrances
Pedestrian oriented automatic entrances come in two types - swinging and sliding and each of these come in either full energy or low energy. And then there are ICU doors, which are the same as the others except inside hospitals (because no one else uses them?). So you ’get’ the difference between swinging and sliding doors. The sliders take up lots more space, but would generally be preferred except for that limitation. The swinging variety need many more safety features so you don't get hit by the door or it closes on your fingers. If you can tolerate the slow speed of the low energy variety. The low energy doors are too weak to hurt anyone. The nuances make it a good idea to involve a manufacturer's rep in the design/specification process. (A theme, generally.)